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元宵节叫什么节元宵节又叫什么节(元宵节又称上元节吗)

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  • 2023-05-18 11:00:01
近期不少网友都在问:元宵节叫什么节元宵节又叫什么节(元宵节又称上元节吗),小编也是查阅很多资料,整理了一些相关方面的答案,大家可以参考一下,

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目录:

元宵节习俗这么多,你只知道吃元宵?

今天是农历正月十五元宵节


元宵节


是古代中国传统节日中


最浪漫的一个


人们会在这一天


赏月、观灯、猜灯谜


……


元宵佳节


元宵节,又称上元节、小正月、元夕或灯节,它是中国的传统节日之一。正月是农历的元月,古人称夜为“宵”,所以把一年中第一个月圆之夜——正月十五称为“元宵节”。


元宵节都有哪些习俗


一起来看看


吃元宵/吃汤圆


“元宵节”是要吃元宵还是吃汤圆?


这个话题每年都会引发热议


其实


各地的做法不同


馅料各异


2月1日,在山东省淄博市张店区公园街道的一处传统手工元宵制作销售点,面点师傅现场制作传统手工元宵。新华社记者 徐速绘 摄


北方的元宵


是在糯米粉中“滚”成的


或煮或炸,热热火火


南方的汤圆


是挑一团馅放在糯米片上“包”出来的


甜香软糯,团团圆圆


其实不管是元宵还是汤圆


都寓意着


团团圆圆、和和美美


赏花灯


1月30日,在山东省枣庄市台儿庄古城,游人在欣赏以“兔”元素为主题的花灯。新华社发(孙中喆摄)


“元宵节”又称“灯节”


正月十五夜


皓月当空


家家户户欢聚一堂


大街小巷


张灯结彩、火树银花


人们走上街头赏灯


猜灯谜


2月2日,小朋友在浙江省湖州市南浔区菱湖镇在古镇景区猜灯谜。新华社记者 黄宗治 摄


“猜灯谜”又叫“打灯谜”


每逢农历正月十五


传统民间都要挂起彩灯


后来有人把谜语写在纸条上


贴在五光十色的彩灯上供人猜


以增添节日气氛


送花灯


1月24日拍摄的西安大唐芙蓉园内的花灯(无人机照片)。新华社记者 刘潇 摄


送花灯也叫“送孩儿灯”


娘家送花灯给新嫁女儿家


以求添丁吉兆


因为“灯”与“丁”谐音


表示希望女儿


婚后吉星高照,早生贵子


踩高跷


1月29日,在河北省沧县旧州镇贾村,民俗艺人在表演踩高跷。新华社发(周洋 摄)


踩高跷


是民间一种群众性技艺表演


踩高跷的角色


因各自身份不同


所以造型各异、高低不一


极具观赏性


深受群众喜爱


耍龙灯


1月30日,人们在贵州省毕节市大方县六龙古镇舞龙。新华社发(罗大富摄)


耍龙灯也称“舞龙”


也叫“龙灯舞”


它是我国独具特色的


传统民俗娱乐活动


“耍龙灯”的表演


有“单龙戏珠”和“双龙戏珠”两种


在耍法上


各地风格不一各具特色


舞狮子


1月31日,甘肃省定西市安定区凤翔镇的社火队员在表演舞狮。新华社发(王克贤摄)


舞狮


又称“狮子舞”“狮灯”“舞狮子”


是元宵节传统活动之一


狮子在中国人心目中为瑞兽


象征着吉祥如意


从而在舞狮活动中


寄托着民众消灾除害


求吉纳福的美好意愿


走百病


2月1日,游客在青岛市市南区新春灯会上拍照、赏灯。新华社记者 李紫恒 摄


走百病


也叫游百病、散百病、烤百病、走桥等


是一种消灾祈健康的元宵节活动


元宵节夜人们相约出游


结伴而行,见桥必过


认为这样能祛病延年


俗话说“正月十五闹元宵”


作为春节后的又一大传统节日


元宵节的主要旋律就是一个“闹”字


今年也是非常热闹


全国各地举行了丰富多彩的活动


热热闹闹地庆佳节


1月29日,在河北省沧县旧州镇贾村,民俗艺人在表演落子。新华社发(周洋 摄)


1月30日,民间艺人在贵州省遵义市播州区苟江镇表演“打铁花”。新华社发(罗星汉摄)


1月31日晚,民间艺人在广东省揭阳市揭东区磐东街道表演国家级非物质文化遗产——乔林烟花火龙。新华社发(黄广平 摄)


2月1日晚,民间艺人在安徽省黄山市休宁状元广场表演徽州板凳龙。新华社发(施亚磊 摄)


2月1日,乡村秧歌队在甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县表演秧歌节目“太平鼓”。新华社发(史有东 摄)


元宵节


赏月自然也要安排起来


今年“十五的月亮十六圆”


最圆时刻为2月6日2时29分


巧合的是


这轮满月是2023年度


13次满月当中最小的一个


温馨提示


元宵节傍晚赏月更佳,月亮刚刚升起,显得又圆又亮。


今年的元宵佳节


你怎么过


欢迎评论区告诉我们


综合新华社、人民日报、新华网、央广网、北晚在线等



元宵节的十个小知识:汤圆、元宵有啥不同?

又是一年元宵佳节。元宵节是中国传统节日之一,在很多人的观念里,“过了十五才算过完年”,有的地方则直接将元宵节称为“小年”。


元宵节是怎么来的?作为节令美食,汤圆和元宵有哪些不同?北京师范大学社会学院讲师贺少雅介绍,元宵节作为年节的重要组成部分和春节的压轴节目,其地位的凸显与正月初一“岁首”的确立有密切关系。


至于人们喜欢吃的元宵、汤圆,外形相似但制作方法略有不同。民间有“包”汤圆“滚”元宵之说。此外,有的地方会在元宵节吃生菜,寓意“生财”。


元宵节是怎么来的?


关于元宵节的起源,民间有多种说法。其中比较有影响的一种说法是,元宵节源于汉武帝在正月上辛日到甘泉寺燃灯祭祀太一神。


贺少雅说,《史记·乐书》载:“汉家常以正月上辛祠太一甘泉,以昏时夜祠,到明而终。常有流星经于祠坛上,使僮男僮女七十人俱歌。”


她认为,元宵节的起源涉及复杂的历史文化元素,诸如传统的生产生活周期、天文历算知识、民间对月亮的信仰以及“年”的时间体系等。


自汉代“太初历”制定颁行后,正月十五之夜即成为了新年的第一个月圆之夜,正是这一轮圆月,寄托着人们对于农业风调雨顺、生活幸福美满的美好期许。


它是年节的重要组成部分?


中国的很多传统节日都依托自然时序而来,比如清明节与清明、端午节与夏至、中秋节与秋分、冬至节与冬至等。


但贺少雅表示,元宵节并未与特定的时序相对应。元宵节作为年节的重要组成部分和春节的压轴节目,其地位的凸显与正月初一“岁首”的确立有密切关系。


正因为正月初一岁首的确立,正月十五的圆月才具有了“一年明月打头圆”的特殊意义。


“闹”是元宵节的节日主题?


春节是中华民族的传统大节,一般来说包括忙年(迎年、迎新春)和辞年(辞旧年)两个部分,时间上一般从农历腊月初八开始到正月十五结束。


“闹”是元宵活动的主题,“闹”的形式多样,游人喧哗、锣鼓喧天、灯火光彩。


明清时期,老百姓将元宵节过得热闹非凡,各种响器、歌舞竞相上演。顾禄《清嘉录》记载清代苏州“元宵前后,比户以锣鼓铙钹,敲击成文,谓之闹元宵”。


除此之外,还有放焰火。清雍正《朔州志》记载,民间“架鳌山,烧旺火,张灯放花,群相宴饮”,名之为“闹元宵”。经此一“闹”之后,人们再度回归到生活的日常。


“汤圆”也称“浮圆子”?


要说元宵节的节令食物,那就不得不提“汤圆”。


汤圆,又称圆子、汤团等。据记载:“京人以菉豆粉为科斗羹,煮糯为丸,糖为臛,谓之‘圆子’。”


这里的“圆子”就是后来的汤圆,不过做法和食用方法与现在不同,当时的圆子没有馅,蘸以糖臛(即糖浆)吃。


宋代周必大写过一首诗《元宵煮浮圆子前辈似未尝赋此坐间成四韵》,其中提到:“星灿乌云里,珠浮浊水中。”浮圆子就是汤圆,元宵节煮食浮圆子寓意着月圆人圆、幸福美满。


“汤圆”“元宵”傻傻分不清楚?


元宵和汤圆外形相似,但制作方法却有所不同。


贺少雅介绍,明代以后,宋代时所称的圆子类节令食物又被称为汤圆、元宵。“元宵”的叫法主要流行于北方地区,南方地区较多称为“汤圆”。


《清稗类钞》云:“汤圆一曰汤团,北人谓之曰‘元宵’,以上元之夕必食之也。”就制作方法而言,民间有“包”汤圆“滚”元宵之说。


二者在馅料上也有一些不同,元宵多为甜馅,有豆沙、黑芝麻等;汤圆则甜、咸、荤、素馅皆有,例如水果、肉类等。


随着时代的发展,元宵和汤圆的馅料更加丰富,有些商家推出了各种新奇口味的元宵,有的还推出了低糖、木糖醇汤圆。


还有哪些美食?


在饮食方面,元宵节习俗呈现出丰富多彩的一面。


比如有的地方元宵节食用面灯,又称“灯盏儿”。“灯盏儿”一般由两部分构成,底部是用黏性的黄米面制作的小面饼,上面插上裹着黄裱纸的麦秸段,黄纸上蘸上食用油,以便于燃烧。


元宵节当天,人们把灯盏点燃,放在家里窗台、门口等处,祈福吉祥。点完以后的灯盏,就剩下了黄米面的小饼,油炸或者煎熟食用。


在广东,元宵节流行吃生菜,生菜与“生财”谐音,为的是讨一个好彩头,希望事业发达、财源滚滚。


贺少雅说,在江苏扬州、南通一带,有“上灯圆子落灯面”一说,指的是正月十三晚上上灯,要吃汤圆;到了正月十八落灯,要吃面条。在浙江台州,元宵节吃糟羹。


元宵节是中国古代的“狂欢节”吗?


元宵节被誉为中国古代的狂欢节,其狂欢性是传统节日中不多见的。


古代城市例有宵禁的规定,入夜有执金吾(仪仗棒者)执勤。但元宵节时,官方给予假期、特许夜游,以便于观灯。这时,官民士族、男女老幼走出家庭,饮宴玩乐、赏灯夜游。


唐代刘肃《大唐新语》载:“神龙之际,京城正月望日,盛饰灯影之会。金吾弛禁,特许夜行。贵游戚属及下隶工贾,无不夜游。”


另外,古代元宵节时女性可借节日之机走上街市、畅游玩耍。也正因这种狂欢,男女青年在此时得以结识,许多文艺作品都描写了元宵节时发生的爱情。


宋代欧阳修《生查子·元夕》中写道:“去年元夜时,花市灯如昼。月上柳梢头,人约黄昏后。今年元夜时,月与灯依旧。不见去年人,泪满春衫袖。”


元宵节俗何时出现?


元宵节的定型时期,学界尚有争论。但一般认为,汉魏六朝时期,已经出现元宵节俗,唐宋以后,元宵节俗伴随着城市生活的发展而逐渐繁盛,诸多节俗传承至今。


比如张灯。《如梦录》记载明代开封一带:“诸王府、乡绅家俱放花灯,宴饮。各家共有大犁(梨)园七八十班,各街庙宇俱有灯棚,各家俱放花灯,门前俱点门灯,争放花炮。”


耍社火亦是元宵节习俗之一。社火是一种歌舞杂耍以娱神娱人的活动。至今,在河北、山西、甘肃等地,元宵节耍社火仍然是年节的重要活动。


贺少雅举例道,河北井陉县桃林坪花脸社火,属于武术社火,主要以表演古典名著中民众耳熟能详的片段为主,此外还有跑阵仪式。


为何此时要“走百病”?


古代还有正月十五“走百病”习俗(或叫散百病、走桥等),即元宵节晚上妇女们相约结伴出游,见桥必过,认为这样能祛病延年。


明代刘侗《帝京景物略》中有:“妇女相率宵行,以消疾病,曰走百病,又曰走桥。”


每逢元宵节,一些地方有拜紫姑的习俗。紫姑是古代妇女拜的“姑娘”神。迎紫姑习俗自南北朝时期就已存在。


南朝梁宗懔《荆楚岁时记》说:元宵“其夕,迎紫姑,以卜将来蚕桑,并占众事。”


如何传承元宵节习俗?


节日的传承需要时间、空间、仪式活动等多方面元素的整体性存在。元宵节所具有的社会性、公共性与现代国家公共文化服务相契合,包含着丰富的传统文化资源。


贺少雅说,如今可以将声光电等新技术与元宵张灯传统、传统彩灯制作工艺相结合,用新工艺、新技术推动彩灯的设计制作,用知识性与趣味性、现代性与传统性相融合的“灯市”,满足广大群众的文化需求。


再如,可以利用元宵节重视社区集体娱乐、重视成员交流的传统,组织街道社区开展灯会、集体包元宵、互动游戏等,增进社区成员之间的熟悉程度,重建人群联结等。



元宵佳节话汤圆

小时候,正月十五元宵节夜晚,最开心的是跟着大人们去看花灯。看完花灯回家,吃上奶奶烧好的桂花甜汤圆,香香甜甜的滋味,美好的回忆,至今仍难以忘却。


元宵节历史悠久,早在西汉时就已定为节日。古代有许多叫法,最初称正月半、月望,隋朝称元夕、元夜,唐朝初期称为上元节,宋朝以后称灯夕,到了清朝称灯节。元宵节自古热闹非凡,夜间燃灯,精巧、多彩的花灯,蔚为壮观,将春节期间娱乐活动推向高潮。除了观花灯,元宵节自古还有吃汤圆习俗。


汤圆,杭州人又称“汤团”,古代最早叫“浮圆子”,后叫“汤团”或“汤圆”,是因与“团圆”字音相近,取“团圆”之吉祥寓意;汤圆之所以称“元宵”,是因正月为元月,“宵”有“夜晚”之意,正月十五夜晚是月圆之夜,有吃汤圆赏月习俗,所以,正月十五也称“元宵节”。


杭州人自古就有“元宵节吃汤圆”的习俗,民间有习俗,正月十三上灯日要吃汤圆,正月十八落灯日要吃年糕。因此,留下了一句谚语,“上灯圆儿落灯糕,正月十五闹元宵”。



先来说说汤圆的由来。


据明末张岱《夜航船》中有“周公作汤团”记载,是西周时期周礼制定者周公所发明,但当时吃的“汤团”与现在汤圆并非相同。


据文献记载,与现代汤圆相似面食出现在西晋,当时叫作“牢丸”,在西晋束晳《饼赋》中称,“牢丸”是“四时从用,无所不宜”的食品。“牢丸”之名,与古代祭祀礼仪有关,古时祭礼把牛、羊、豕三牲称之为“牢”,所以“牢丸”是用猪牛羊肉作为馅料、搓成丸子状的圆形面粉食品,唐代段成式《酉阳杂俎·酒食》中曾记载牢丸食用方式是可蒸、可煮,清代俞正燮《癸巳存稿·牢丸》认为:“牢丸之为物,必是汤团。”宋代苏轼《游博罗香积寺》中也曾提到“牢丸”。


唐宋时期,有一种与汤圆相似的面食,称之为“油锤”,又叫“糖塠”“焦塠”,用糯米做面团,以豆沙为馅,煮熟后放入水中冷却,再油炸,做成后,口感软糯,不粘牙,外酥里嫩,甘甜香浓,因其形状似纺锤,故称油锤。宋代《太平广记》中有油锤制作记载,是将面粉和红糖拌匀,加沸水和面团,搓成小圆球,入锅油炸制成;唐代宫廷食品中有“碌堆”,应是“油锤”的精致版。“油锤”,早在南北朝时就已流行,在唐代是北方人过元宵节时的主食。


宋代,元宵节吃汤圆习俗开始流行,当时汤圆最初称“圆(元)子”,后出现“汤团”“沙团”“浮圆”等多种叫法。圆子,是宋代元宵佳节人们必吃的美食,据宋代孟元老《东京梦华录》等文献记载,宋代圆子种类繁多,有山药圆子、珍珠圆子、澄沙圆子、金桔水团等;其中,用黑芝麻、猪油、白糖作馅,以糯米粉搓成的“乳糖圆子”与如今宁波麻心汤圆最为相似。据宋末元初周密创作的《武林旧事》记载,汤圆是宋朝元宵节的主角,最为有名的是乳糖圆子,其皮薄而滑,白如羊脂,油光发亮,有香、甜、鲜、滑、糯特点,咬开皮子,油香四溢,糯而不黏,鲜爽可口;其汤汁做法考究,多用桂花糖蜜渍,或加牛乳作为汤底。


汤圆作为美食,自然受宋代文人喜爱,宋代诗人周必大《元宵煮浮圆子》诗曰:“今夕知何夕,团圆事事同。汤官寻旧味,灶婢诧新功。星灿乌云里,珠浮浊水中。岁时编杂咏,附此说家风。”诗中的“珠”就是汤圆。南宋女词人朱淑真也写过一首《圆子》诗:“轻圆绝胜鸡头肉,滑腻偏宜蟹眼汤。”认为清甜软糯的圆子,味道胜过鸡肉和蟹肉。


明朝,“元宵”称呼被广泛接受,当时汤圆制法,据明代刘若愚《酌中志》记载:“用糯米细面,内用核桃仁、白糖、玫瑰为馅,洒水滚成,如核桃大。” 在清代,汤圆是元宵佳节时宫廷之美食,康熙年间,御膳房特制的“八宝元宵”,名闻朝野,清代孔尚任《桃花扇》中对“八宝元宵”曾有“紫云茶社斟甘露,八宝元宵效内做”描述。清代,民间制作元宵高手马思远,曾做过以桂花、糖、胡桃为馅料的元宵,馅料香甜特别,粉皮也很精致,因此供不应求。清代诗人符曾《上元竹枝词》“桂花香馅裹胡桃,江米如珠井水淘。见说马家滴粉好,试灯风里卖元宵。”就是专为夸赞马家元宵而作。


汤圆(元宵),就面皮而言,有糯米面(江米面)、黏高粱面、黄米面和苞谷面;馅料是甜咸荤素,甜的有白糖桂花、山楂、豆沙、芝麻等馅料;咸的有猪油肉馅;素的有韭、薤(薤,音xiè,古代也称小蒜,衢州人称狮子葱)、葱、大蒜、姜等辛味蔬菜馅料,也有用芹菜为馅,在浙江还有用梅干菜作馅料的汤圆;老北京元宵,馅料分山楂、枣泥、桂花、五仁、豆沙、黑白芝麻等几种,不同的元宵馅,会点上红点、梅花、字等记号来识别。



如今,汤圆的制作方法,南北各异。之所以北方称为元宵,南方叫汤圆,是因二者材料和做法不同。


北方元宵多用箩摇滚手法,南方汤圆多用手心揉团。元宵制作先拌馅料,需将馅和好,晾凉凝固后切成小块,然后把馅块沾水放在盛有糯米粉的箩里来回滚翻(现在大都用机器),反复几次,等馅沾粉滚成圆球,方才大功告成;南方汤圆,做法有点像包饺子,先把糯米粉加水和成团,放置几小时“醒”透后,将面团压为圆片,包入馅料,即成。汤圆馅含水量比元宵多,刚吃的时候,要注意内馅之汤水烫口。


在古代,汤圆与元宵名称与制作方法,并不像现代那么明确,常被视作同类食品。明末吕毖《明宫史》中认为,北方元宵就是江南汤圆,不过他记载的元宵“洒水滚成”做法也印证了今人结论。无独有偶,清代袁枚《随园食单》中记载的萝卜汤圆和水粉汤圆做法,确实是用包制方法制成。


元宵与汤圆,在古代食用习俗有所不同。元宵,在北方主要是元宵节饮食;汤圆,在南方是春节、初七、上元节(元宵节)节日饮食,也是招待远方的家人回家团聚的传统食品,其意义和北方饺子相当。另外,南方有“冬至吃汤圆”习俗,因此汤圆又叫“冬至团”或“冬至圆”;冬至团常用糖、肉及豇豆、萝卜丝等蔬菜作馅,用糯米粉包成团丸(所以也称“冬至丸”),制作好之后,除用来祭祖、全家聚食外,还用来馈赠亲友。


在古代,“汤圆”一名源于熟化方式,因常放进沸水汤煮,故称“汤团”“水团”;因煮熟后会浮起,又称“浮圆子”;因是糯米粉做成,又称“粉团”“糯米圆”“粘元宝”“水磨丸”;因馅料多为糖或甜味馅,又称“糖团”“糖圆”“糖元宝”。古代,汤圆馅料,品种繁多,明人韩奕《易牙遗意》记载的“水团”:“澄细糯米粉带湿,以沙糖少许作馅,为弹子大,煮熟。”明代宋诩《宋氏养生部》介绍的“水磨丸”:“馅用白沙糖,去皮胡桃、榛、松仁,或蜜糖豆沙,投沸汤中煮。”清代袁枚《随园食单》中,萝卜汤圆是咸的,做法是“萝卜刨丝滚熟,去臭气,微干,加葱、酱拌之,放粉团中作馅,再用麻油灼之,汤滚亦可。”水粉汤圆则是“用水粉和作汤圆,滑腻异常,中用松仁、核桃、猪油、糖作馅,或嫩肉去筋丝捶烂,加葱末、秋油作馅亦可。”


古代,元宵的叫法有很多,如“元子”“圆子”“团子”“元宵子”“灯圆”等都是指元宵。起初,圆子与团子有区别的,圆子无馅料,是实心的,蘸着糖吃;团子有甜馅料,吃时无需再蘸糖。到清朝时,圆子与团子已没有多大区别,圆子也包馅了。




情人节其实是中国元宵节?古今元宵节都怎么过,为何称为情人节?

你知道吗?古时的元宵节不仅会放假,而且至少三天起步,中国的情人节也不是七夕,准确来说是在元宵节这天。2020年,不要面儿的韩国又把“燃灯节”申遗成功了,不管汤圆还是元宵都是由一个“老祖宗”——“油锤”演化而来的。点灯笼、放烟花、猜灯谜、踩高跷,舞龙舞狮表演,元宵节本就是要“闹”起来的。感兴趣的朋友点点关注点点赞,我们马上开始。


闹元宵

不同于春节的“阖家欢乐”,元宵节更强调“普天同庆”。关于元宵节的由来,涉及到了庆祝、祭祀、宗教等众多传说,但宗旨都离不开“灯”,孩子们手提代表月宫玉兔的兔子灯笼,黄淮地区民间还会制作各式各样的面灯,挂起来的灯笼还会进行猜灯谜的活动,


这是一个雅俗共赏的节日。我们现在说的“火树银花不夜天”,正是在正月十五元宵节的夜景描述,有明确记载是在魏晋南北朝时期,那时候就有了张灯结彩的习俗,到了唐朝,在平时的日子里,国家实施宵禁,晚上不允许老百姓出门,但是元宵节这天,宵禁会被临时取消,全程无论男女、老小都出来逛街看花灯,宋朝的元宵节达到了万人空巷的盛况,各种歌舞展演,戏剧杂耍,舞狮舞龙等等,即使没有霓虹灯的古时,也是一番“人间不夜天”的景象。到了明朝更厉害,“工作狂”明太祖朱元璋大笔一挥,直接下令元宵节假日是10天,让大家一次嗨个够。正月十五时上元节,七月十五时中元节,十月十五时下元节,这源于道教的“三元说”,天、地、人分别掌管上、中、下三元,这一


听说韩国又把“燃灯节”申遗成功了,这个所谓的燃灯节比元宵节格局小了不止一点半点,作为一个没什么历史文化的民族,却拼了命的想做文化输出,这个燃灯节主要是与佛教中的释迦摩尼有关系,如果什么都可以申遗,我们应该先把中国每道菜先申遗。中国元宵节,是中国唯一一个用食物命名的传统节日,自然少不了谈谈这天的吃食。


汤圆/元宵

元宵和汤圆的老祖宗——“油锤”“面蚕”,都是使用糯米制作的,到了宋朝,又进一步发明把糯米包上馅,放在锅里煮,圆滚滚的糯米球熟了之后就会浮上水面,起名:浮元子。


再后来南北方在做法上分成两派,北方吃汤圆,调好的馅切成小块状,沾水后放在盛有干糯米粉的容器中滚动成团,表皮略粗糙,成品更结实一些,还可以做成油炸元宵。而南方是采用类似包包子的方法,把馅包起来,手动团成一个球状,表皮粘糯光滑。不同于北方的甜馅,南方的元宵也有咸口的。再后来,也有了没馅的小汤圆。就储存来说,北方的汤圆大都采用速冻包装,而南方的元宵是现场制作,单说销量,自然就是汤圆更胜一筹。吃过团团圆圆的元宵,也预示着春节最后一次团聚结束了,大家要为新的一年重新整装出发。


中国地广人多,各地还有自己的元宵节风俗,比如湖北的“元宵节迎紫姑”,传达了人们对弱者的同情,广东人食生菜,取“生财”谐音,也有吃面条的江北人、吃馒头、麦饼的浙江人·······当然,随着中国发展,各地交流越来越频繁,东西南北无法达成一致,没事,咱们还有全国统一节日食物---水饺。


你可能不知道,其实“元宵节”才是地道的中国情人节。七夕是牛郎和织女一年一次的相聚,怎么说都是挺伤感的故事。传统的七月初七的“乞巧节”主要是祈福的含义,也和爱情关系不是很大。


而上元节的现实爱情色彩远超七夕,“众人寻他千百度,慕然回首,那人却在,灯火阑珊处。”这名句就来自辛弃疾的《青玉案·元夕》,前面部分的诗句也很精彩,短短几十字把元宵节风俗和情愫写到了极致。古时女子,特别是唐朝以后,受到苛刻的礼法制度约束,未婚女孩平时不得随意外出,但是元宵节这天却可以自由结伴游玩,少男少女借着赏花灯寻觅自己的爱情。现在年轻人都爱去酒吧、迪吧释放情绪,追求热闹,渴望邂逅。


试想一下,在皎洁的月光下,四处都是悬灯结彩的各式灯笼,街道上歌舞表演,大街上熙熙攘攘,人戴兽面,男穿女服,全民狂欢,通宵达旦,热闹非凡。“月上柳梢头,人约黄昏后”,细数一下,中国有多少关于爱情的民间传说,真人故事都源于上元节这天的偶遇。有人说中国人的爱情不善于表达、朴实无华、柴米油盐·······殊不知,说起浪漫,我们古人就可以甩国外几条街。


有人可能要问,这么个历史悠久,又寓意非凡的节日,怎么不是法定节假日,也许仅仅是因为距离春节假期太近的缘故。其实是不是法定节假日都不会改变元宵节对于中国人的意义。最后浅皮一下,给大家出一个灯谜,谜面:“中国男球守门员”,谜目:打一个字。 好了,世界很美好感谢你们,点赞加关注,我们下期不见不散!


世界各国的新年传统15:元宵节为什么也被视为中国的情人节?

【往期回顾】


世界各国的新年传统14:新年里这15种东西不能用来送礼,你送过几种?




【本期内容】


China’s lantern festival: A Guide to China's Age-Old Celebration


中国元宵节



Written by Anne Meredith


(原文地址:https://studycli.org/chinese-holidays/lantern-festival/)


Translated and edited by Spark Liao



The Lantern Festival (元宵节 or Yuánxiāojié in pinyin) is a Chinese holiday that traditionally marks the end of the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival) celebrations. Chinese people celebrate this holiday by enjoying colored lantern displays and eating sweet rice balls called tangyuan.


元宵节是一个中国节日,传统上标志着中国新年(春节)庆祝活动的结束。中国人庆祝这个节日的方式是欣赏彩灯表演和吃汤圆。


1. The origins and history of the Lantern Festival

元宵节的起源和历史


Today, the Lantern Festival is celebrated on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese calendar, which generally falls sometime in February or early March. Like many traditional Chinese holidays, the Lantern Festival has a long history.


今天,元宵节在中国农历正月十五庆祝,通常在二月或三月上旬。和许多中国传统节日一样,元宵节有着悠久的历史。


Lantern Festival celebrations began around 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE). The holiday's exact origins are somewhat unclear. Several different origin stories are used to explain where the festival came from. We’ve outlined two of the most important ones below.


元宵节庆祝活动大约始于2000年前的汉代(公元前202年至公元220年)。这个节日的确切起源有些不清楚。几个不同的起源故事被用来解释这个节日从何而来,我们在下面概述了其中两个最重要的


Origin story one: A Buddhist celebration


起源故事一:佛教庆典


One story about the origins of the Lantern Festival says the holiday was created during the time of Emperor Ming of Han (58-75 CE). At this time, Buddhism was already gaining popularity in China.


一个关于元宵节起源的故事说,这个节日是在汉明帝(公元58-75年)时期创建的。此时,佛教在中国已经越来越受欢迎。


Emperor Ming was a supporter of Buddhism and after he learned that it was customary for Buddhist monks to light lanterns on the 15th day of the first lunar month, he decreed that imperial palaces and individual households should do the same. This practice lives on as today’s Lantern Festival.


明帝是佛教的支持者,在他得知佛教僧侣在农历正月十五点灯是一种习俗后,他下令皇宫和各个家庭也应该这样做。这种习俗一直延续下来,成了今天的元宵节。


Origin story two: A trick played on the Jade Emperor


起源故事二:对玉皇大帝的恶作剧


Another story used to explain the origins of the Lantern Festival has to do with the Jade Emperor. Supposedly, his favorite crane was killed by some villagers, so he decided to take revenge by burning down their village on the 15th day of the first lunar month. When his daughter heard about her father’s plan, she felt sorry for the hapless villagers and warned them about what was going to happen.


另一个用来解释元宵节起源的故事与玉皇大帝有关。据说,他最喜欢的鹤被一些村民杀死了,所以他决定在农历正月十五烧毁他们的村庄,以此报复。当他的女儿听到父亲的计划时,她为不幸的村民感到难过,并提醒他们将要发生什么。


To save themselves, the villagers decided to trick the Jade Emperor into thinking their village was already on fire. They did this by hanging red lanterns, setting off firecrackers and lighting fires throughout the village. Their plan worked. The Emperor was deceived and the village was saved. Afterwards, residents continued to light firecrackers and hang red lanterns every year to commemorate the event.


为了自救,村民们决定欺骗玉皇大帝,让他以为村庄已经着火了。他们在全村挂红灯笼、放鞭炮和点火。他们的计划奏效了。皇帝上当受骗,村庄得救了。此后,居民们每年继续燃放鞭炮和悬挂红灯笼,以纪念这一事件。




2. The Lantern Festival through the ages

古往今来的元宵节


Whatever its origins, the Lantern Festival soon developed into a popular Chinese holiday. Thanks to Chinese cultural influence on other Asian countries, it didn’t take long for the festival to spread to neighboring nations like Korea and Japan.


不管它的起源是什么,元宵节很快就发展成为一个流行的中国节日。由于中国文化对其他亚洲国家的影响,这个节日很快就传到了韩国和日本等邻国。


The Lantern Festival has been celebrated with various degrees of pomp and circumstance over the years. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE), lantern festival celebrations lasted for three days.


多年来,人们以各种程度的盛况庆祝元宵节。在唐朝(公元618-907年),元宵节的庆祝活动会持续三天。


They were extended to five days during the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE). In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE), celebrations were particularly lengthy, with some lasting a full 10 days.


在宋朝(公元960年至1279年),这一期限延长至五天。在明朝(1368-1644年),庆祝活动特别漫长,有时长达10天。




3. The real Chinese Valentine’s Day?

真正的中国情人节?


Although it’s no longer the case today, the Chinese Lantern Festival was closely associated with love in ancient China. So much so, in fact, that some say that it’s the real traditional Chinese Valentine’s Day, a designation usually reserved for describing the Qixi Festival.


虽然现在已经不是这样了,但在中国古代,中国的元宵节与爱情密切相关。事实上,有人说这是真正的中国传统情人节,而中国的情人节通常是指七夕节。


In ancient times, there were strict curfews that were meant to keep people inside after dark. Due to traditional gender norms, women were also generally expected to stay indoors at all times, regardless of whether or not there was a curfew in place.


在古代,有严格的宵禁,目的是让人们天黑后留在室内。由于传统的性别规范,无论是否实行宵禁,人们通常都希望妇女始终呆在室内。


During the Lantern Festival, however, curfews were lifted so people could go out at night to view the lanterns. Women were also allowed to leave the house. Thus, the holiday presented a unique opportunity for people of different genders to mingle with each other.


然而,在元宵节期间,宵禁被取消,人们可以在晚上出去看灯笼。妇女也被允许离开房子。因此,这个节日为不同性别的人提供了一个独特的机会,让他们彼此交流。


This romantic facet of the Lantern Festival is reflected in the plot of various Chinese operas, as well as in many works of art and literature from both the Song and Ming Dynasties.


元宵节的浪漫一面反映在中国各种戏曲的情节中,也反映在宋明两代的许多艺术和文学作品中。




4. The Lantern Festival today

如今的元宵节


Today, the Lantern Festival is still popular, but it isn’t one of the seven official public holidays recognized in China. Therefore, people in China don’t usually get any days off from school or work for this holiday.


如今,元宵节仍然很受欢迎,但它不是中国公认的七个官方公共假日之一。因此,中国人通常不会在这个假期里休息。


Lantern Festivals have been popular in various Asian countries for hundreds of years. Recently, Chinese-style Lantern Festival celebrations have also started popping up in Western countries, including the United States, where events like the Philadelphia Chinese Lantern Festival enjoy increasing popularity.


数百年来,元宵节在亚洲各个国家都很流行。最近,中国式的元宵节庆祝活动也开始在西方国家兴起,包括美国,在那里,费城中国元宵节等活动越来越受欢迎。




5. Lantern Festival Activities

元宵节活动


Nowadays, although love is no longer a main theme, the Lantern Festival is still celebrated with a variety of fun activities.


如今,虽然爱情不再是一个主要主题,但元宵节仍然以各种有趣的活动来庆祝。


1) Viewing Lantern displays

赏花灯


As its name suggests, the most important part of the Lantern Festival revolves around viewing and interacting with grand displays of Chinese lanterns (灯笼 or dēnglóng).


顾名思义,元宵节(灯笼节)最重要的部分是观看盛大的中国灯笼,并参与其中的互动环节。


When many people think of Chinese lanterns, they imagine the round, red, basket-ball sized lanterns they may have seen hanging outside Chinese restaurants. While this type of lantern is certainly omnipresent around the time of Chinese New Year, the lanterns involved in Lantern Festival displays are quite different.


当许多人想到中国灯笼时,他们会想象在中国餐馆外悬挂的圆形的、红色的、篮球大小的灯笼。虽然这种类型的灯笼在中国春节期间无处不在,但元宵节的灯笼却大不相同。


The lanterns used in modern Lantern Festival displays are often quite elaborate. Instead of being basketball-sized, these lanterns are often enormous, with some of the larger ones measuring over 65 feet (20 meters) high and 330 (100 meters) long.


现代元宵节的花灯往往非常精致。这些灯笼不是篮球大小,而是巨大的,其中一些更大的灯笼高超过65英尺(20米),长超过330英尺(100米)。


These giant lanterns aren’t usually round or red. Instead, they’re built into every imaginable color and shape, depicting real and imaginary animals like giraffes and dragons along with giant flowers, trees and palaces. Groups of lanterns are often arranged together to illustrate famous scenes from various historical or mythological stories.


这些巨大的灯笼通常不是圆形或红色的。相反,它们被建造成各种可以想象的颜色和形状,描绘了真实和想象的动物,如长颈鹿和龙,以及巨大的花朵、树木和宫殿。一组组灯笼通常排列在一起,以说明各种历史或神话故事中的著名场景。


Lanterns used in lantern displays in the past were made of materials like paper, silk, bamboo, glass or jade and lit with candles from within. Today, the materials used have been updated. Most are now made with fabric stretched over wire frames and lit with thousands of LED lights.


过去用于灯笼展示的灯笼由纸、丝绸、竹子、玻璃或玉石等材料制成,并用蜡烛从内部点燃。今天,使用的材料已经更新。现在大多数都是用织物在金属丝框架上拉伸而成,并用数千盏LED灯照明。


Iconic floating sky lanterns were often incorporated into Lantern Festival celebrations in the past and flying them was once a favorite activity for children and adults alike. Now, however, they’re considered a fire hazard and have been banned in many places both in China and abroad.


在过去,标志性的漂浮天灯经常被纳入元宵节庆祝活动中,放飞天灯曾经是儿童和成人都喜欢的活动。然而,现在,它们被认为是火灾隐患,在中国和国外的许多地方都被禁止。


2) Guessing lantern riddles

猜灯谜


Guessing lantern riddles (猜灯谜 or cāidēngmí) is an activity that dates back at least as far as the Song Dynasty, when scholars wrote riddles on small slips of paper and hung them from lanterns for festival attendees to guess.


猜灯谜是一项至少可以追溯到宋代的活动,当时学者们在小纸条上写下谜语,挂在灯笼上,供节日参与者猜测。


Most of these lantern riddles (灯谜 or dēngmí) were simply created as a form of entertainment. Sometimes, however, imperial advisors used them to make suggestions to the emperor. If the emperor didn’t like a suggestion, the advisors could claim that the riddle had been interpreted incorrectly, thus avoiding his wrath. This was possible because the riddles’ answers were rarely obvious and clear-cut, leaving them open to multiple interpretations.


大多数灯谜只是作为一种娱乐形式而创造的。然而,有时皇帝的顾问会利用这些灯谜向皇帝提出建议。如果皇帝不喜欢这个建议,顾问们可以声称这个谜语被错误地解释了,从而避免他生气。这是可能的,因为谜语的答案很少是明显和明确的,对于谜底可以有多种解释。




Today’s lantern riddles are still open to multiple interpretations and difficult to guess. So difficult, in fact, that they’re referred to as “lantern tigers” (灯虎 or dēnghǔ) and guessing lantern riddles is sometimes referred to as “guessing lantern tigers” (猜灯虎 or cāidēnghǔ, occasionally also written as 打灯虎 or dǎdēnghǔ). Generally, lantern riddles are based on complex forms of wordplay and may be difficult for even advanced students of Chinese to understand.


今天的灯谜仍然有多种解释,很难猜到。事实上,它们太难了,以至于被称为“灯笼老虎”(灯虎),猜灯谜有时被称为“猜灯笼老虎”(猜灯虎,偶尔也写作打灯虎)。一般来说,灯谜是以复杂的文字游戏形式为基础的,即使是高级汉语学生也很难理解。


Most riddles consist of the riddle itself and a hint that tells the guesser what form he or she should expect the answer to take. For example, sometimes the hint might indicate that the answer is a Chinese idiom (成语 or chéngyǔ), the name of a country or that it should consist of only one Chinese character.


大多数谜语都由谜语本身和一个提示组成,告诉猜测者应该预测答案是什么形式。例如,有时提示可能表明答案是个中国成语,或是 个国名,或者它只由一个汉字组成。




3) Eating tangyuan

吃汤圆


Another popular Lantern Festival activity is eating tangyuan (汤圆 or tāngyuán). These balls of glutinous rice flour are generally loaded with sweet fillings made from ingredients like black sesame paste. Although most tangyuan are sweet, savory tangyuan do exist.


另一个受欢迎的元宵节活动是吃汤圆。这些由糯米粉做成的圆球一般都内含由黑芝麻糊等原料制成的甜馅。虽然大多数汤圆都是甜的,但美味的汤圆确实存在。


Most tangyuan are steamed or boiled, but they can also be fried. Usually served floating in a thin hot soup, they’re traditionally white in color.


大多数汤圆是蒸或煮的,但也可以油炸。它们通常漂浮在滚烫的汤里,传统上是白色的。


In recent years, modern versions of tangyuan have also appeared. These come in a mix of bright colors like purple, pink and orange. Creative chefs have updated the fillings, sometimes using less-traditional ingredients like chocolate. Although they were originally only consumed on festive occasions, nowadays frozen tangyuan can be found in supermarkets throughout the year and can be eaten anytime.


近年来,现代版本的汤圆也出现了。它们混合了明亮的颜色,如紫色、粉色和橙色。创意厨师更新了馅料,有时会使用巧克力等不太传统的食材。虽然它们最初只在节日场合食用,但现在冷冻汤圆可以在超市里全年找到,而且可以随时食用。


The pronunciation of the word tangyuan is similar to that of the word tuanyuan (团圆 or tuányuán), which means “reunion” in Chinese. This, along with the fact that tangyuan are round and are served in round bowls, has led them to become a symbol of family togetherness.


“汤圆”一词的发音与“团圆”一词相似,在汉语里表示“(亲人)团圆”。这一点,再加上汤圆是圆的,而且盛在圆碗里,使其成为家庭团聚的象征。


There are some regional variations of this traditional dessert. In southern China, it’s called tangyuan, but in northern China, it’s called yuanxiao (元宵 or yuánxiāo). Though there are some slight differences in how tangyuan and yuanxiao are prepared and stored, the two are quite similar.


这种传统甜点有一些地区差异。在中国南方,它叫汤圆,但在中国北方,它叫元宵。尽管汤圆和元宵的制作和储存方式略有不同,但两者非常相似。




4) Watching dragon and lion dances

观看舞龙舞狮


In some parts of China, dragon and lion dances are also performed during the Lantern Festival.


在中国的一些地区,在元宵节期间还表演舞龙和舞狮。


Lion dance (舞狮 or wǔshī) is a type of folk dance typically performed by two dancers wearing a single lion suit. One performer controls the head and front part of the lion’s body, while the other controls the rear. The performers dance and perform various acrobatic tricks to the beat of drums, gongs and cymbals.


舞狮是一种民间舞蹈,通常由两名身着全身狮子服的舞者表演。一个表演者控制狮子的头部和身体的前部,而另一个表演者则控制狮子的后部。表演者随着鼓声、锣声和钹声跳舞,并表演各种杂技技巧。


Some lion dances are quite complex and may even include martial arts-inspired moves. In traditional Chinese culture, lions are considered to be powerful, auspicious animals, and lion dances are thought to bring good luck and financial prosperity.


有些舞狮非常复杂,甚至可能包括武术动作。在中国传统文化中,狮子被认为是强大的吉祥动物,舞狮被认为能带来好运和财运。


Dragon dances (舞龙 or wǔlóng) are usually performed by a large team of dancers. Instead of getting inside a dragon costume, these performers manipulate a long, flexible model of a dragon using poles attached to its body.


舞龙通常由一大群舞蹈演员表演。这些表演者没有穿上龙的服装,而是用附在龙身上的杆子操纵一个长而灵活的龙模型。


Chinese dragons are thought to be powerful, benevolent creatures. Like lion dances, dragon dances are thought to bring good luck to the communities in which they’re performed.


中国龙被认为是强大、仁慈的动物。与舞狮一样,舞龙被认为会给表演的社区带来好运。




5) Fireworks

烟花


Fireworks (烟火 or yānhuǒ, also called 烟花 or yānhuā) were invented in China, so it should come as no surprise that they’re still an integral part of many Chinese festivals.


烟火或烟花是在中国发明的,因此不足为奇的是,它们仍然是许多中国节日的组成部分。


Firework displays are popular during the Lantern Festival. In fact, it’s quite common to see and hear fireworks almost every day from the start of the Chinese New Year until the Lantern Festival, which marks the official end of the Spring Festival holiday.


烟花表演在元宵节期间很受欢迎。事实上,从中国新年开始到元宵节,几乎每天都能看到和听到烟花爆竹,到了元宵节就标志着春节假期的正式结束。


Individuals are prohibited from setting off fireworks in most big cities, so Lantern Festival fireworks displays in urban areas are usually sponsored by local governments. In rural areas, fireworks and firecrackers (鞭炮 or biānpào) can still be freely bought and set off by individual people, so families may set off their own fireworks on the Lantern Festival just for fun.


大多数大城市禁止个人燃放烟花,因此城市里的元宵节烟花表演通常由地方政府主办。在农村地区,烟花爆竹(鞭炮 )仍然可以由个人自由购买和燃放,因此家庭可以在元宵节燃放自己的烟花,以供娱乐。


Sometimes, fireworks displays are combined with other aspects of the Lantern Festival, such as dragon dancing, which can make for a truly spectacular performance.


有时,烟花表演与元宵节的其他活动相结合,例如舞龙,使得整个表演极为壮观。



【往期回顾】


世界各国的新年传统14:新年里这15种东西不能用来送礼,你送过几种?




【本期内容】


China’s lantern festival: A Guide to China's Age-Old Celebration


中国元宵节



Written by Anne Meredith


(原文地址:https://studycli.org/chinese-holidays/lantern-festival/)


Translated and edited by Spark Liao



The Lantern Festival (元宵节 or Yuánxiāojié in pinyin) is a Chinese holiday that traditionally marks the end of the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival) celebrations. Chinese people celebrate this holiday by enjoying colored lantern displays and eating sweet rice balls called tangyuan.


元宵节是一个中国节日,传统上标志着中国新年(春节)庆祝活动的结束。中国人庆祝这个节日的方式是欣赏彩灯表演和吃汤圆。


1. The origins and history of the Lantern Festival

元宵节的起源和历史


Today, the Lantern Festival is celebrated on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese calendar, which generally falls sometime in February or early March. Like many traditional Chinese holidays, the Lantern Festival has a long history.


今天,元宵节在中国农历正月十五庆祝,通常在二月或三月上旬。和许多中国传统节日一样,元宵节有着悠久的历史。


Lantern Festival celebrations began around 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE). The holiday's exact origins are somewhat unclear. Several different origin stories are used to explain where the festival came from. We’ve outlined two of the most important ones below.


元宵节庆祝活动大约始于2000年前的汉代(公元前202年至公元220年)。这个节日的确切起源有些不清楚。几个不同的起源故事被用来解释这个节日从何而来,我们在下面概述了其中两个最重要的


Origin story one: A Buddhist celebration


起源故事一:佛教庆典


One story about the origins of the Lantern Festival says the holiday was created during the time of Emperor Ming of Han (58-75 CE). At this time, Buddhism was already gaining popularity in China.


一个关于元宵节起源的故事说,这个节日是在汉明帝(公元58-75年)时期创建的。此时,佛教在中国已经越来越受欢迎。


Emperor Ming was a supporter of Buddhism and after he learned that it was customary for Buddhist monks to light lanterns on the 15th day of the first lunar month, he decreed that imperial palaces and individual households should do the same. This practice lives on as today’s Lantern Festival.


明帝是佛教的支持者,在他得知佛教僧侣在农历正月十五点灯是一种习俗后,他下令皇宫和各个家庭也应该这样做。这种习俗一直延续下来,成了今天的元宵节。


Origin story two: A trick played on the Jade Emperor


起源故事二:对玉皇大帝的恶作剧


Another story used to explain the origins of the Lantern Festival has to do with the Jade Emperor. Supposedly, his favorite crane was killed by some villagers, so he decided to take revenge by burning down their village on the 15th day of the first lunar month. When his daughter heard about her father’s plan, she felt sorry for the hapless villagers and warned them about what was going to happen.


另一个用来解释元宵节起源的故事与玉皇大帝有关。据说,他最喜欢的鹤被一些村民杀死了,所以他决定在农历正月十五烧毁他们的村庄,以此报复。当他的女儿听到父亲的计划时,她为不幸的村民感到难过,并提醒他们将要发生什么。


To save themselves, the villagers decided to trick the Jade Emperor into thinking their village was already on fire. They did this by hanging red lanterns, setting off firecrackers and lighting fires throughout the village. Their plan worked. The Emperor was deceived and the village was saved. Afterwards, residents continued to light firecrackers and hang red lanterns every year to commemorate the event.


为了自救,村民们决定欺骗玉皇大帝,让他以为村庄已经着火了。他们在全村挂红灯笼、放鞭炮和点火。他们的计划奏效了。皇帝上当受骗,村庄得救了。此后,居民们每年继续燃放鞭炮和悬挂红灯笼,以纪念这一事件。




2. The Lantern Festival through the ages

古往今来的元宵节


Whatever its origins, the Lantern Festival soon developed into a popular Chinese holiday. Thanks to Chinese cultural influence on other Asian countries, it didn’t take long for the festival to spread to neighboring nations like Korea and Japan.


不管它的起源是什么,元宵节很快就发展成为一个流行的中国节日。由于中国文化对其他亚洲国家的影响,这个节日很快就传到了韩国和日本等邻国。


The Lantern Festival has been celebrated with various degrees of pomp and circumstance over the years. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE), lantern festival celebrations lasted for three days.


多年来,人们以各种程度的盛况庆祝元宵节。在唐朝(公元618-907年),元宵节的庆祝活动会持续三天。


They were extended to five days during the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE). In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE), celebrations were particularly lengthy, with some lasting a full 10 days.


在宋朝(公元960年至1279年),这一期限延长至五天。在明朝(1368-1644年),庆祝活动特别漫长,有时长达10天。




3. The real Chinese Valentine’s Day?

真正的中国情人节?


Although it’s no longer the case today, the Chinese Lantern Festival was closely associated with love in ancient China. So much so, in fact, that some say that it’s the real traditional Chinese Valentine’s Day, a designation usually reserved for describing the Qixi Festival.


虽然现在已经不是这样了,但在中国古代,中国的元宵节与爱情密切相关。事实上,有人说这是真正的中国传统情人节,而中国的情人节通常是指七夕节。


In ancient times, there were strict curfews that were meant to keep people inside after dark. Due to traditional gender norms, women were also generally expected to stay indoors at all times, regardless of whether or not there was a curfew in place.


在古代,有严格的宵禁,目的是让人们天黑后留在室内。由于传统的性别规范,无论是否实行宵禁,人们通常都希望妇女始终呆在室内。


During the Lantern Festival, however, curfews were lifted so people could go out at night to view the lanterns. Women were also allowed to leave the house. Thus, the holiday presented a unique opportunity for people of different genders to mingle with each other.


然而,在元宵节期间,宵禁被取消,人们可以在晚上出去看灯笼。妇女也被允许离开房子。因此,这个节日为不同性别的人提供了一个独特的机会,让他们彼此交流。


This romantic facet of the Lantern Festival is reflected in the plot of various Chinese operas, as well as in many works of art and literature from both the Song and Ming Dynasties.


元宵节的浪漫一面反映在中国各种戏曲的情节中,也反映在宋明两代的许多艺术和文学作品中。




4. The Lantern Festival today

如今的元宵节


Today, the Lantern Festival is still popular, but it isn’t one of the seven official public holidays recognized in China. Therefore, people in China don’t usually get any days off from school or work for this holiday.


如今,元宵节仍然很受欢迎,但它不是中国公认的七个官方公共假日之一。因此,中国人通常不会在这个假期里休息。


Lantern Festivals have been popular in various Asian countries for hundreds of years. Recently, Chinese-style Lantern Festival celebrations have also started popping up in Western countries, including the United States, where events like the Philadelphia Chinese Lantern Festival enjoy increasing popularity.


数百年来,元宵节在亚洲各个国家都很流行。最近,中国式的元宵节庆祝活动也开始在西方国家兴起,包括美国,在那里,费城中国元宵节等活动越来越受欢迎。




5. Lantern Festival Activities

元宵节活动


Nowadays, although love is no longer a main theme, the Lantern Festival is still celebrated with a variety of fun activities.


如今,虽然爱情不再是一个主要主题,但元宵节仍然以各种有趣的活动来庆祝。


1) Viewing Lantern displays

赏花灯


As its name suggests, the most important part of the Lantern Festival revolves around viewing and interacting with grand displays of Chinese lanterns (灯笼 or dēnglóng).


顾名思义,元宵节(灯笼节)最重要的部分是观看盛大的中国灯笼,并参与其中的互动环节。


When many people think of Chinese lanterns, they imagine the round, red, basket-ball sized lanterns they may have seen hanging outside Chinese restaurants. While this type of lantern is certainly omnipresent around the time of Chinese New Year, the lanterns involved in Lantern Festival displays are quite different.


当许多人想到中国灯笼时,他们会想象在中国餐馆外悬挂的圆形的、红色的、篮球大小的灯笼。虽然这种类型的灯笼在中国春节期间无处不在,但元宵节的灯笼却大不相同。


The lanterns used in modern Lantern Festival displays are often quite elaborate. Instead of being basketball-sized, these lanterns are often enormous, with some of the larger ones measuring over 65 feet (20 meters) high and 330 (100 meters) long.


现代元宵节的花灯往往非常精致。这些灯笼不是篮球大小,而是巨大的,其中一些更大的灯笼高超过65英尺(20米),长超过330英尺(100米)。


These giant lanterns aren’t usually round or red. Instead, they’re built into every imaginable color and shape, depicting real and imaginary animals like giraffes and dragons along with giant flowers, trees and palaces. Groups of lanterns are often arranged together to illustrate famous scenes from various historical or mythological stories.


这些巨大的灯笼通常不是圆形或红色的。相反,它们被建造成各种可以想象的颜色和形状,描绘了真实和想象的动物,如长颈鹿和龙,以及巨大的花朵、树木和宫殿。一组组灯笼通常排列在一起,以说明各种历史或神话故事中的著名场景。


Lanterns used in lantern displays in the past were made of materials like paper, silk, bamboo, glass or jade and lit with candles from within. Today, the materials used have been updated. Most are now made with fabric stretched over wire frames and lit with thousands of LED lights.


过去用于灯笼展示的灯笼由纸、丝绸、竹子、玻璃或玉石等材料制成,并用蜡烛从内部点燃。今天,使用的材料已经更新。现在大多数都是用织物在金属丝框架上拉伸而成,并用数千盏LED灯照明。


Iconic floating sky lanterns were often incorporated into Lantern Festival celebrations in the past and flying them was once a favorite activity for children and adults alike. Now, however, they’re considered a fire hazard and have been banned in many places both in China and abroad.


在过去,标志性的漂浮天灯经常被纳入元宵节庆祝活动中,放飞天灯曾经是儿童和成人都喜欢的活动。然而,现在,它们被认为是火灾隐患,在中国和国外的许多地方都被禁止。


2) Guessing lantern riddles

猜灯谜


Guessing lantern riddles (猜灯谜 or cāidēngmí) is an activity that dates back at least as far as the Song Dynasty, when scholars wrote riddles on small slips of paper and hung them from lanterns for festival attendees to guess.


猜灯谜是一项至少可以追溯到宋代的活动,当时学者们在小纸条上写下谜语,挂在灯笼上,供节日参与者猜测。


Most of these lantern riddles (灯谜 or dēngmí) were simply created as a form of entertainment. Sometimes, however, imperial advisors used them to make suggestions to the emperor. If the emperor didn’t like a suggestion, the advisors could claim that the riddle had been interpreted incorrectly, thus avoiding his wrath. This was possible because the riddles’ answers were rarely obvious and clear-cut, leaving them open to multiple interpretations.


大多数灯谜只是作为一种娱乐形式而创造的。然而,有时皇帝的顾问会利用这些灯谜向皇帝提出建议。如果皇帝不喜欢这个建议,顾问们可以声称这个谜语被错误地解释了,从而避免他生气。这是可能的,因为谜语的答案很少是明显和明确的,对于谜底可以有多种解释。




Today’s lantern riddles are still open to multiple interpretations and difficult to guess. So difficult, in fact, that they’re referred to as “lantern tigers” (灯虎 or dēnghǔ) and guessing lantern riddles is sometimes referred to as “guessing lantern tigers” (猜灯虎 or cāidēnghǔ, occasionally also written as 打灯虎 or dǎdēnghǔ). Generally, lantern riddles are based on complex forms of wordplay and may be difficult for even advanced students of Chinese to understand.


今天的灯谜仍然有多种解释,很难猜到。事实上,它们太难了,以至于被称为“灯笼老虎”(灯虎),猜灯谜有时被称为“猜灯笼老虎”(猜灯虎,偶尔也写作打灯虎)。一般来说,灯谜是以复杂的文字游戏形式为基础的,即使是高级汉语学生也很难理解。


Most riddles consist of the riddle itself and a hint that tells the guesser what form he or she should expect the answer to take. For example, sometimes the hint might indicate that the answer is a Chinese idiom (成语 or chéngyǔ), the name of a country or that it should consist of only one Chinese character.


大多数谜语都由谜语本身和一个提示组成,告诉猜测者应该预测答案是什么形式。例如,有时提示可能表明答案是个中国成语,或是 个国名,或者它只由一个汉字组成。




3) Eating tangyuan

吃汤圆


Another popular Lantern Festival activity is eating tangyuan (汤圆 or tāngyuán). These balls of glutinous rice flour are generally loaded with sweet fillings made from ingredients like black sesame paste. Although most tangyuan are sweet, savory tangyuan do exist.


另一个受欢迎的元宵节活动是吃汤圆。这些由糯米粉做成的圆球一般都内含由黑芝麻糊等原料制成的甜馅。虽然大多数汤圆都是甜的,但美味的汤圆确实存在。


Most tangyuan are steamed or boiled, but they can also be fried. Usually served floating in a thin hot soup, they’re traditionally white in color.


大多数汤圆是蒸或煮的,但也可以油炸。它们通常漂浮在滚烫的汤里,传统上是白色的。


In recent years, modern versions of tangyuan have also appeared. These come in a mix of bright colors like purple, pink and orange. Creative chefs have updated the fillings, sometimes using less-traditional ingredients like chocolate. Although they were originally only consumed on festive occasions, nowadays frozen tangyuan can be found in supermarkets throughout the year and can be eaten anytime.


近年来,现代版本的汤圆也出现了。它们混合了明亮的颜色,如紫色、粉色和橙色。创意厨师更新了馅料,有时会使用巧克力等不太传统的食材。虽然它们最初只在节日场合食用,但现在冷冻汤圆可以在超市里全年找到,而且可以随时食用。


The pronunciation of the word tangyuan is similar to that of the word tuanyuan (团圆 or tuányuán), which means “reunion” in Chinese. This, along with the fact that tangyuan are round and are served in round bowls, has led them to become a symbol of family togetherness.


“汤圆”一词的发音与“团圆”一词相似,在汉语里表示“(亲人)团圆”。这一点,再加上汤圆是圆的,而且盛在圆碗里,使其成为家庭团聚的象征。


There are some regional variations of this traditional dessert. In southern China, it’s called tangyuan, but in northern China, it’s called yuanxiao (元宵 or yuánxiāo). Though there are some slight differences in how tangyuan and yuanxiao are prepared and stored, the two are quite similar.


这种传统甜点有一些地区差异。在中国南方,它叫汤圆,但在中国北方,它叫元宵。尽管汤圆和元宵的制作和储存方式略有不同,但两者非常相似。




4) Watching dragon and lion dances

观看舞龙舞狮


In some parts of China, dragon and lion dances are also performed during the Lantern Festival.


在中国的一些地区,在元宵节期间还表演舞龙和舞狮。


Lion dance (舞狮 or wǔshī) is a type of folk dance typically performed by two dancers wearing a single lion suit. One performer controls the head and front part of the lion’s body, while the other controls the rear. The performers dance and perform various acrobatic tricks to the beat of drums, gongs and cymbals.


舞狮是一种民间舞蹈,通常由两名身着全身狮子服的舞者表演。一个表演者控制狮子的头部和身体的前部,而另一个表演者则控制狮子的后部。表演者随着鼓声、锣声和钹声跳舞,并表演各种杂技技巧。


Some lion dances are quite complex and may even include martial arts-inspired moves. In traditional Chinese culture, lions are considered to be powerful, auspicious animals, and lion dances are thought to bring good luck and financial prosperity.


有些舞狮非常复杂,甚至可能包括武术动作。在中国传统文化中,狮子被认为是强大的吉祥动物,舞狮被认为能带来好运和财运。


Dragon dances (舞龙 or wǔlóng) are usually performed by a large team of dancers. Instead of getting inside a dragon costume, these performers manipulate a long, flexible model of a dragon using poles attached to its body.


舞龙通常由一大群舞蹈演员表演。这些表演者没有穿上龙的服装,而是用附在龙身上的杆子操纵一个长而灵活的龙模型。


Chinese dragons are thought to be powerful, benevolent creatures. Like lion dances, dragon dances are thought to bring good luck to the communities in which they’re performed.


中国龙被认为是强大、仁慈的动物。与舞狮一样,舞龙被认为会给表演的社区带来好运。




5) Fireworks

烟花


Fireworks (烟火 or yānhuǒ, also called 烟花 or yānhuā) were invented in China, so it should come as no surprise that they’re still an integral part of many Chinese festivals.


烟火或烟花是在中国发明的,因此不足为奇的是,它们仍然是许多中国节日的组成部分。


Firework displays are popular during the Lantern Festival. In fact, it’s quite common to see and hear fireworks almost every day from the start of the Chinese New Year until the Lantern Festival, which marks the official end of the Spring Festival holiday.


烟花表演在元宵节期间很受欢迎。事实上,从中国新年开始到元宵节,几乎每天都能看到和听到烟花爆竹,到了元宵节就标志着春节假期的正式结束。


Individuals are prohibited from setting off fireworks in most big cities, so Lantern Festival fireworks displays in urban areas are usually sponsored by local governments. In rural areas, fireworks and firecrackers (鞭炮 or biānpào) can still be freely bought and set off by individual people, so families may set off their own fireworks on the Lantern Festival just for fun.


大多数大城市禁止个人燃放烟花,因此城市里的元宵节烟花表演通常由地方政府主办。在农村地区,烟花爆竹(鞭炮 )仍然可以由个人自由购买和燃放,因此家庭可以在元宵节燃放自己的烟花,以供娱乐。


Sometimes, fireworks displays are combined with other aspects of the Lantern Festival, such as dragon dancing, which can make for a truly spectacular performance.


有时,烟花表演与元宵节的其他活动相结合,例如舞龙,使得整个表演极为壮观。



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元宵节又叫什么节(古人对元宵节的雅称)

【本文标题和网址】元宵节叫什么节元宵节又叫什么节(元宵节又称上元节吗) http://www.cqlxdl.com/news/103398.html
内容更新时间(UpDate): 2023年05月18日 星期四

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